Sugar Substitute Market Size, Share, Growth Analysis, By Manufacturing (Precision Fermentation, Enzymatic Conversion), By Type (High Fructose Corn Syrup, High Intensity Sweeteners), By Application (Food Products, Beverages), By Form, By Source, By Region - Industry Forecast 2025-2032


Report ID: SQSG30C2009 | Region: Global | Published Date: February, 2024
Pages: 165 |Tables: 91 |Figures: 76

Sugar Substitute Market Insights

Sugar Substitute Market size was valued at USD 7.91 Billion in 2023 and is poised to grow from USD 8.48 Billion in 2024 to USD 13.79 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period (2025-2032).

The consumer's perception and realisation of the energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended, which is caused by factors like increasing urbanisation, increased discretionary spending on processed foods and beverages, and sedentary lifestyles and has resulted in an increase in the incidence of lifestyle disorders, has contributed to the surge in popularity of sugar substitutes. Customers are now choosing suitable sugar replacements that do not increase their overall calorie intake as a result of this trend. Due to the "all-natural" trend that is resonating in the global marketplace, the sugar substitutes market size is also expected to undergo significant change.

One of the sectors where manufacturers are experiencing difficulties in the supply of raw materials as a result of the epidemic is the sugar substitute industry. Additionally, since the epidemic, imports and exports have been banned or delayed in several countries, which presents challenges for manufacturers of sugar substitutes. But because of the pandemic's emphasis on the value of sanitary and nutritious foods with low levels of sugar, calories, and fats in the prevention of diseases, various best-practice models for the food business have been adopted.

US Sugar Substitute Market is poised to grow at a sustainable CAGR for the next forecast year.

Market snapshot - 2024-2031

Global Market Size

USD 7.3 billion

Largest Segment

Natural

Fastest Growth

Natural

Growth Rate

6.9% CAGR

Global Sugar Substitute Market 2022-2028 ($ Bn)
Country Share for Asia-Pacific Region- 2021 (%)

To get more reports on the above market click here to Buy The Report

Sugar Substitute Market Segmental Analysis

Global Sugar Substitute Market is segmented by manufacturing, type, application, form, source and region. Based on manufacturing, the market is segmented into precision fermentation, enzymatic conversion, chemical synthesis and others. Based on type, the market is segmented into high fructose corn syrup, high intensity sweeteners and low intensity sweeteners. Based on application, the market is segmented into food products, beverages, health and personal care products, pharmaceuticals and other. Based on form, the market is segmented into dry and liquid. Based on source, the market is segmented into artificial and natural. Based on region, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa.  

Sugar Substitute Market Analysis by Source

During the projection period, the natural sugar alternatives category is expected to post the highest CAGR. Leading food and beverage firms are increasingly using stevia and other natural sugar alternatives, and this is what is primarily responsible for the segment's highest growth in terms of customer knowledge of and demand for clean label and healthy products. Compared to synthetic/artificial intense sweeteners, natural sugar substitutes that improve the perception of sweetness are anticipated to grow more quickly.

Sugar Substitute Market Analysis by Application

In terms of value, the beverage sector has a significant portion of the global sugar substitute market. Nowadays, sugar alternatives are preferred in beverages including flavoured water, diet carbonated drinks, and other beverages. The main sugar substitute used in beverages is stevia. It is a widely used sugar substitute that has a low calorie count and no glycemic index. It is used to make a variety of energy beverages, soft drinks, teas that are ready to drink, flavored waters, and fruit juices. Key figures in the beverage business also choose other sugar replacements like erythritol and xylitol. In order to produce innovative sugar replacements and products, the consumer base for beverage products must grow, which will fuel market expansion throughout the projection period.

Global Sugar Substitute Market By Source, 2021 (%)

To get detailed analysis on other segments, Request For Free Sample Report

Sugar Substitute Market Regional Insights

During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific sugar substitute market is anticipated to grow at the fastest rate in the global market. Due to consumer lifestyle changes and rising health consciousness, the Asia Pacific region's market for sugar replacements is expanding. With regard to diet diversity, rising urbanisation, and open trade in the food industry, the market in this region is undergoing a significant transition. Additionally, a rise in consumer knowledge of health-related issues, a rise in consumer preference for foods that promote good health, and an increase in income and purchasing power are the main reasons providing growth prospects for sugar replacement makers in the regional market. Due to their significant increases in urbanisation, household incomes, and consumer lifestyle changes, India and China are the two developing nations in the region. The eating habits of consumers in China and India have changed recently.

Global Sugar Substitute Market By Geography, 2022-2028
  • Largest
  • Fastest

To know more about the market opportunities by region and country, click here to
Buy The Complete Report

Sugar Substitute Market Dynamics

Sugar Substitute Market Driver

  • Increasing health consciousness of people is boosting the growth of sugar substitute market
    • Consumers are becoming more and more conscious of their dietary needs because of easy access to virtually endless information. As a result, people are increasingly aware of the benefits of choosing healthier foods and drinks. Due to the rising health issues, they are requesting healthier, lower calorie foods and beverages more frequently.
    • Consuming sugar replacements offers advantages to people who care about their health. For instance, using sugar replacements can assist manage diabetes and weight. Artificial sweeteners normally don't cause blood sugar levels to rise because they are not carbs. A teaspoon of sugar comprises roughly 16 calories, compared to almost none in sugar alternatives. Stevia is a sugar substitute with almost no calories and is hundreds of times sweeter than sugar.

Sugar Substitute Market Restraint

  • Groups like FDA and European regulations have direct or indirect control over the use of various chemicals and materials used in food production. Products that replace sugar must pass stringent health and safety inspections. Regulatory agencies have carried out a number of studies to gauge and evaluate how these items affect people. Products are categorised according to the findings, and the daily intake allowance (DIA) has been established. Companies face a severe challenge when trying to streamline product innovations due to standards set by agencies for usage levels and classification that differ from those of the relevant authority authorities.

Request Free Customization of this report to help us to meet your business objectives.

Sugar Substitute Market Competitive Landscape

The sugar substitute market players are poised to respond to this demand dynamics by developing innovative sugar substitutes and related products and solutions that are not only minimally processed but also have clean-label characteristics aligned with sustainable consumption practises.`For instance, in Russia, ADM and Aston Foods (Russia) formed a joint venture to produce sweets and starches. This aided the business in increasing its presence in the Russian sugar alternatives market.

Sugar Substitute Market Top Players Company Profiles

  • Tate & Lyle PLC (United Kingdom) 
  • Cargill, Incorporated (United States) 
  • Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) (United States) 
  • Ingredion Incorporated (United States) 
  • Roquette Frères (France) 
  • Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Japan) 
  • JK Sucralose Inc. (China) 
  • The NutraSweet Company (United States) 
  • PureCircle Ltd. (Malaysia) 
  • E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (United States) 
  • Whole Earth Brands (United States) 
  • Morita Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. (Japan) 
  • Manus Bio Inc. (United States) 
  • Xianghua GL Stevia Co. (China) 
  • GLG Life Tech Corp. (China) 
  • FoodChem International Corporation (China) 
  • Herboveda India (India) 
  • Sweetly Stevia USA (United States) 
  • Pyure Brands LLC (United States) 
  • Sirma Group (Bulgaria) 

Sugar Substitute Market Recent Development

  • In April 2022, Tate & Lyle increased allulose production to keep up with the rising demand for the uncommon sugar, which has become more popular after the FDA opted to omit it from the statements of total and added sugars on the Nutrition Facts panel.
  • In March 2022, EverSweet + ClearFlo technology was used by Cargill to introduce their stevia products. The benefits of this new sweetener system, which mixes a natural flavour with Cargill's stevia sweetener, include flavour modification, quicker dispersion, and improved solubility and stability in formulations.

Sugar Substitute Key Market Trends

  • With monk fruit and stevia being two highly concentrated plant-based sweeteners that have been given FDA GRAS approval, the market for low-calorie, naturally sweet, plant-based products has seen a rise in demand. Additionally, as consumers become more aware of the harmful effects of artificial substances on their health, there is an increase in the demand for clean label or natural food products on a global scale. Also, the desire for natural sweeteners among food and beverage makers has been sparked by clean labels. About 63% of newly released items made a clean label promise. As a result, industry participants are spending money on research and development to create an effective supply chain from the farm to the finished product on the sugar substitute market.

Sugar Substitute Market SkyQuest Analysis

SkyQuest’s ABIRAW (Advanced Business Intelligence, Research & Analysis Wing) is our Business Information Services team that Collects, Collates, Co-relates, and Analyses the Data collected by means of Primary Exploratory Research backed by the robust Secondary Desk research.

According to our analysis, the global sugar substitute Market segmentation is based on source, form, application and Region. . Over the projected period, the natural source segment is anticipated to increase at the fastest rate. The beverage segment accounts for the largest share from the application segment. During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific market is anticipated to grow at the fastest rate in the global market. Due to consumer lifestyle changes and rising health consciousness, the Asia Pacific region's market for sugar replacements is expanding.

Report Metric Details
Market size value in 2022 USD 7.3 billion
Market size value in 2031 USD 13.31 billion
Growth Rate 6.9%
Base year 2023
Forecast period 2024-2031
Forecast Unit (Value) USD Billion
Segments covered
  • Manufacturing
    • Precision Fermentation, Enzymatic Conversion, Chemical Synthesis, Others
  • Type
    • High Fructose Corn Syrup, High Intensity Sweeteners (Natural, Artificial), Low Intensity Sweeteners (D-Tagatose, Sorbitol, Maltitol, Xylitol, Mannitol, Erythritol, Others)
  • Application
    • Food Products (Confectionery Products, Bakery Products, Dairy Products, Tabletop Sweeteners, Sweet Spreads, Others), Beverages (Carbonated Drinks, Fruit Drinks and Juices, Powdered Drinks, Alcoholic Beverages, Flavored Alcoholic Beverages, Plant Based Beverages, Others), Health and Personal Care Products, Pharmaceuticals (Coatings, Fillers, Binders, Humectants, Sweeteners), Other
  • Form
    • Dry (Powder, Granules, Others), Liquid (Syrup, Gel)
  • Source
    • Artificial, Natural
Regions covered North America (US, Canada), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe), Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Rest of Asia-Pacific), Latin America (Brazil, Rest of Latin America), Middle East & Africa (South Africa, GCC Countries, Rest of MEA)
Companies covered
  • Tate & Lyle PLC (United Kingdom) 
  • Cargill, Incorporated (United States) 
  • Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) (United States) 
  • Ingredion Incorporated (United States) 
  • Roquette Frères (France) 
  • Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Japan) 
  • JK Sucralose Inc. (China) 
  • The NutraSweet Company (United States) 
  • PureCircle Ltd. (Malaysia) 
  • E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (United States) 
  • Whole Earth Brands (United States) 
  • Morita Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. (Japan) 
  • Manus Bio Inc. (United States) 
  • Xianghua GL Stevia Co. (China) 
  • GLG Life Tech Corp. (China) 
  • FoodChem International Corporation (China) 
  • Herboveda India (India) 
  • Sweetly Stevia USA (United States) 
  • Pyure Brands LLC (United States) 
  • Sirma Group (Bulgaria) 
Customization scope

Free report customization with purchase. Customization includes:-

  • Segments by type, application, etc
  • Company profile
  • Market dynamics & outlook
  • Region

 

To get a free trial access to our platform which is a one stop solution for all your data requirements for quicker decision making. This platform allows you to compare markets, competitors who are prominent in the market, and mega trends that are influencing the dynamics in the market. Also, get access to detailed SkyQuest exclusive matrix.

Buy The Complete Report to read the analyzed strategies adopted by the top vendors either to retain or gain market share

Table Of Content

Executive Summary

Market overview

  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Sugar Substitute Market Characteristics
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

Parent Market Analysis

Market overview

Market size

  • Market Dynamics
    • Exhibit: Impact analysis of DROC, 2021
      • Drivers
      • Opportunities
      • Restraints
      • Challenges
  • SWOT Analysis

KEY MARKET INSIGHTS

  • Technology Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of technology and details)
  • Pricing Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of technology and pricing details)
  • Supply Chain Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Detailed Supply Chain Presentation)
  • Value Chain Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Detailed Value Chain Presentation)
  • Ecosystem Of the Market
    • Exhibit: Parent Market Ecosystem Market Analysis
    • Exhibit: Market Characteristics of Parent Market
  • IP Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of product/technology, patents filed, inventor/company name, acquiring firm)
  • Trade Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Import and Export data details)
  • Startup Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Emerging startups details)
  • Raw Material Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Mapping of key raw materials)
  • Innovation Matrix
    • (Exhibit: Positioning Matrix: Mapping of new and existing technologies)
  • Pipeline product Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of companies and pipeline products, regional mapping)
  • Macroeconomic Indicators

COVID IMPACT

  • Introduction
  • Impact On Economy—scenario Assessment
    • Exhibit: Data on GDP - Year-over-year growth 2016-2022 (%)
  • Revised Market Size
    • Exhibit: Data Table on Sugar Substitute Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Impact Of COVID On Key Segments
    • Exhibit: Data Table on Segment Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • COVID Strategies By Company
    • Exhibit: Analysis on key strategies adopted by companies

MARKET DYNAMICS & OUTLOOK

  • Market Dynamics
    • Exhibit: Impact analysis of DROC, 2021
      • Drivers
      • Opportunities
      • Restraints
      • Challenges
  • Regulatory Landscape
    • Exhibit: Data Table on regulation from different region
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Porters Analysis
    • Competitive rivalry
      • Exhibit: Competitive rivalry Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Threat of substitute products
      • Exhibit: Threat of Substitute Products Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Bargaining power of buyers
      • Exhibit: buyers bargaining power Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Threat of new entrants
      • Exhibit: Threat of new entrants Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Bargaining power of suppliers
      • Exhibit: Threat of suppliers bargaining power Impact of key factors, 2021
  • Skyquest special insights on future disruptions
    • Political Impact
    • Economic impact
    • Social Impact
    • Technical Impact
    • Environmental Impact
    • Legal Impact

Market Size by Region

  • Chart on Market share by geography 2021-2027 (%)
  • Data Table on Market share by geography 2021-2027(%)
  • North America
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • USA
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Canada
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Europe
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • Germany
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Spain
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • France
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • UK
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of Europe
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Asia Pacific
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • China
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • India
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Japan
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • South Korea
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Latin America
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • Brazil
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of South America
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Middle East & Africa (MEA)
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • GCC Countries
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • South Africa
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of MEA
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)

KEY COMPANY PROFILES

  • Competitive Landscape
    • Total number of companies covered
      • Exhibit: companies covered in the report, 2021
    • Top companies market positioning
      • Exhibit: company positioning matrix, 2021
    • Top companies market Share
      • Exhibit: Pie chart analysis on company market share, 2021(%)

Methodology

For the Sugar Substitute Market, our research methodology involved a mixture of primary and secondary data sources. Key steps involved in the research process are listed below:

1. Information Procurement: This stage involved the procurement of Market data or related information via primary and secondary sources. The various secondary sources used included various company websites, annual reports, trade databases, and paid databases such as Hoover's, Bloomberg Business, Factiva, and Avention. Our team did 45 primary interactions Globally which included several stakeholders such as manufacturers, customers, key opinion leaders, etc. Overall, information procurement was one of the most extensive stages in our research process.

2. Information Analysis: This step involved triangulation of data through bottom-up and top-down approaches to estimate and validate the total size and future estimate of the Sugar Substitute Market.

3. Report Formulation: The final step entailed the placement of data points in appropriate Market spaces in an attempt to deduce viable conclusions.

4. Validation & Publishing: Validation is the most important step in the process. Validation & re-validation via an intricately designed process helped us finalize data points to be used for final calculations. The final Market estimates and forecasts were then aligned and sent to our panel of industry experts for validation of data. Once the validation was done the report was sent to our Quality Assurance team to ensure adherence to style guides, consistency & design.

Analyst Support

Customization Options

With the given market data, our dedicated team of analysts can offer you the following customization options are available for the Sugar Substitute Market:

Product Analysis: Product matrix, which offers a detailed comparison of the product portfolio of companies.

Regional Analysis: Further analysis of the Sugar Substitute Market for additional countries.

Competitive Analysis: Detailed analysis and profiling of additional Market players & comparative analysis of competitive products.

Go to Market Strategy: Find the high-growth channels to invest your marketing efforts and increase your customer base.

Innovation Mapping: Identify racial solutions and innovation, connected to deep ecosystems of innovators, start-ups, academics, and strategic partners.

Category Intelligence: Customized intelligence that is relevant to their supply Markets will enable them to make smarter sourcing decisions and improve their category management.

Public Company Transcript Analysis: To improve the investment performance by generating new alpha and making better-informed decisions.

Social Media Listening: To analyze the conversations and trends happening not just around your brand, but around your industry as a whole, and use those insights to make better Marketing decisions.

$5,300
BUY NOW

REQUEST FOR SAMPLE

Want to customize this report?
REQUEST FREE CUSTOMIZATION

FAQs

Global Sugar Substitute Market size was valued at USD 7.3 billion in 2022 and is poised to grow from USD 7.8 billion in 2023 to USD 13.31 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period (2024-2031). 

The sugar substitute market players are poised to respond to this demand dynamics by developing innovative sugar substitutes and related products and solutions that are not only minimally processed but also have clean-label characteristics aligned with sustainable consumption practises.`For instance, in Russia, ADM and Aston Foods (Russia) formed a joint venture to produce sweets and starches. This aided the business in increasing its presence in the Russian sugar alternatives market. 'Tate & Lyle PLC (United Kingdom) ', 'Cargill, Incorporated (United States) ', 'Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) (United States) ', 'Ingredion Incorporated (United States) ', 'Roquette Frères (France) ', 'Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Japan) ', 'JK Sucralose Inc. (China) ', 'The NutraSweet Company (United States) ', 'PureCircle Ltd. (Malaysia) ', 'E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (United States) ', 'Whole Earth Brands (United States) ', 'Morita Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. (Japan) ', 'Manus Bio Inc. (United States) ', 'Xianghua GL Stevia Co. (China) ', 'GLG Life Tech Corp. (China) ', 'FoodChem International Corporation (China) ', 'Herboveda India (India) ', 'Sweetly Stevia USA (United States) ', 'Pyure Brands LLC (United States) ', 'Sirma Group (Bulgaria) '

Increasing health consciousness of people is boosting the growth of sugar substitute market Consumers are becoming more and more conscious of their dietary needs because of easy access to virtually endless information. As a result, people are increasingly aware of the benefits of choosing healthier foods and drinks. Due to the rising health issues, they are requesting healthier, lower calorie foods and beverages more frequently.

With monk fruit and stevia being two highly concentrated plant-based sweeteners that have been given FDA GRAS approval, the market for low-calorie, naturally sweet, plant-based products has seen a rise in demand. Additionally, as consumers become more aware of the harmful effects of artificial substances on their health, there is an increase in the demand for clean label or natural food products on a global scale. Also, the desire for natural sweeteners among food and beverage makers has been sparked by clean labels. About 63% of newly released items made a clean label promise. As a result, industry participants are spending money on research and development to create an effective supply chain from the farm to the finished product on the sugar substitute market.

During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific sugar substitute market is anticipated to grow at the fastest rate in the global market. Due to consumer lifestyle changes and rising health consciousness, the Asia Pacific region's market for sugar replacements is expanding. With regard to diet diversity, rising urbanisation, and open trade in the food industry, the market in this region is undergoing a significant transition. Additionally, a rise in consumer knowledge of health-related issues, a rise in consumer preference for foods that promote good health, and an increase in income and purchasing power are the main reasons providing growth prospects for sugar replacement makers in the regional market. Due to their significant increases in urbanisation, household incomes, and consumer lifestyle changes, India and China are the two developing nations in the region. The eating habits of consumers in China and India have changed recently.

Request Free Customization

Want to customize this report? This report can be personalized according to your needs. Our analysts and industry experts will work directly with you to understand your requirements and provide you with customized data in a short amount of time. We offer $1000 worth of FREE customization at the time of purchase.

logo-images

Feedback From Our Clients

Sugar Substitute Market

Report ID: SQSG30C2009

sales@skyquestt.com
USA +1 351-333-4748

BUY NOW GET FREE SAMPLE