US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Size, Share, Growth Analysis, By Drug Analysis(hospital & retail pharmacies, online channel, and other), By Region - Industry Forecast 2024-2031


Report ID: SQMIC35J2108 | Region: Country | Published Date: February, 2024
Pages: 157 |Tables: 36 |Figures: 74

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Insights

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market size was valued at USD 4.59 billion in 2019 and is poised to grow from USD 5 billion in 2023 to USD 9.97 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 9% in the forecast period (2024-2031).

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the sustained rises in levels of biochemical indicators of mineral metabolism that lead to the release of excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (SHPT). It affects persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those who need renal replacement therapy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently projects that 37 million Americans, or about 15% of adult Americans, have CKD. Furthermore, CKD is reported to be more prevalent in those 65 years of age and older than in those 45 to 64 years of age. Rising patient numbers are correlated with rising treatment costs for secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Although medications are frequently provided for SHPT, surgery is advised in difficult cases when the thyroid glands release excessive amounts of PTH. Although surgical procedures have demonstrated improved treatment accuracy, they are less preferred due to their expensive cost and the market's accessibility to efficient medications. The U.S. Medicare national insurance programme covers medications for SHPT. Medication for the treatment of SHPT was just added to the Part B package of Medicare Insurance in January 2018. In the United States, there are numerous nonprofit organizations that support patients who are uninsured or have inadequate insurance, significantly lowering the cost of SHPT treatment for everyone. Despite the fact that the government provides health insurance through public programmes, people still have significant out-of-pocket costs.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market is poised to grow at a sustainable CAGR for the next forecast period.

Market Snapshot - 2024-2031

Global Market Size

USD 4.59 billion

Largest Segment

online channel

Fastest Growth

online channel

Growth Rate

9% CAGR

Global US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Shpt) Treatment Market ($ Bn)
Country Share for North America Region (%)
Country Share for Aisa Pacific Region (%)

To get more reports on the above market click here to Buy The Report

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Segmental Analysis

The US secondary hyperparathyroidism treatment market has been segmented based on drug class analysis, distribution channels, and region. Based on drug class analysis, the market is segmented into calcimimetics, Vitamin D analogues, and phosphate binders. Based on the distribution channel, the market is segmented into hospital & retail pharmacies, online channel, and others. Based on region, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and MEA.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Analysis by Distribution Channel

The US secondary hyperparathyroidism market is dominated by the hospital & retail pharmacies segment. Owing to the steady increase in the number of dialysis centers in the nation and the availability of SHPT therapeutics at significant discounts in hospital pharmacies, it is estimated that hospital and retail pharmacies are a major source of secondary hyperparathyroidism therapeutics in the United States. There were around 152 dialysis centers per 1,000 patients in the Midwest region of the United States and 14.3 centers per 1,000 patients in the Midwest state of North Dakota.

This is mainly because major distributors have increased their investment in the expansion of the American e-pharmacy network. The demand for secondary hyperparathyroidism medications through online channels is being driven by this. In 2017, 8% of patients underwent home dialysis. According to projections, the use of internet channels for SHPT treatments will rise in America. Clinics, government tendering processes, etc. are included in the others section, increasing the introduction and dialysis patient pool.

Global US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Shpt) Treatment Market By Drug Analysis

To get detailed analysis on other segments, Request For Free Sample Report

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Regional Insights

Geographically, the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast areas make up the U.S. SHPT therapy market. The South region brought in USD 1.93 billion in revenue and is expected to take the lead in the US market over the next several years. The South region's dominance can be attributed to the existence of a large number of dialysis facilities and the strategic positioning of top dialysis clinic networks like Fresenius Care, DaVita, etc. in the area. Additionally, due to the high incidence of older people with kidney disorders, the southern region of the United States has the highest prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A significant percentage of individuals with SHPT are identified in states like Iowa and South and North Dakota, which is a major contributing element to the Midwest region's second-place ranking in the US. SHPT therapy market. In the Midwest region, SHPT affects 90% of individuals with stage-5 CKD (ESRD), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This sizable patient base is anticipated to accelerate the market expansion for SHPT treatment over the forecast period. It is predicted that the Northeast region of the U.S. SHPT market will expand at a faster CAGR throughout the forecasted period due to the enhanced reimbursement environment in the United States.

Global US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Shpt) Treatment Market By Region

To know more about the market opportunities by region and country, click here to
Buy The Complete Report

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Dynamics

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Drivers

Rise in Awareness about Wellbeing to Boost Market Growth for SHPT Market

  • SHPT development occurs simultaneously with vitamin D deficiency. Over 97% of ESRD patients, according to OPKO Health, Inc., show signs of vitamin D deficiency, which is a key sign that SHPT is developing in the patient. As a result, it is anticipated that the increase in the number of chronic illnesses brought on by sedentary lifestyles will drive the SHPT treatment market in the United States. The secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) treatment market in the United States is also significantly influenced by the government's initiative to develop standards for better treatment management. The control of biochemical indicators of mineral and bone metabolism, which have a strong epidemiologic connection to cardiovascular events and bone fractures, is the goal of SHPT therapy.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Restraints

Privacy Concerns to Hinder Market Growth

  • Despite the many benefits of these procedures, such as the option to choose early and preventive therapy, performing genetic tests at one's homecare is still a convenient setting, and among other things, is preventing the market from expanding. The market is constrained by worries about and monitoring of the privacy of the genetic information about the patient, such as DNA data. This is especially important because a big percentage of secondary hyperparathyroidism shpt treatment Customers forfeit their choice and control over their genetic material and related data derived from the genetic material they came from testing methods. Such elements are anticipated to restrict the use of these diagnostics thereby limiting market growth during the anticipated term in the U.S.

Request Free Customization of this report to help us to meet your business objectives.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Competitive Landscape

Amgen Inc. holds 40% of the US secondary hyperparathyroidism therapy (SHPT) market thanks to its substantial strategic decisions and robust pharmaceutical portfolio. SHPT is treated with Sensipar (Cinacalcet), a well-liked medication from Amgen. Generic manufacturers have only recently begun to enter the market as a result of numerous treatments' expiration of their patents. Organizations like Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Abbvie, and Sandoz are among the market players. SHPT market expansion is also anticipated to be fueled by expanding generic manufacturer competition during the anticipated time frame.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Top Players Company Profiles

  • Amgen Inc.

  • Sanofi S.A.

  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

  • AbbVie Inc.

  • Pfizer Inc.

  • Bayer AG

  • AstraZeneca Plc

  • Eli Lilly and Company

  • Johnson & Johnson

  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

  • Novartis AG

  • GlaxoSmithKline Plc

  • Merck & Co., Inc.

  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

  • Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.

  • Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

  • Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited

  • Astellas Pharma Inc.

  • Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.

  • Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Recent Developments

  • In Feb 2022, OPKO Health, Inc. (NASDAQ: OPK) announces that Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (VFMCRP) has initiated the commercial launch of RAYALDEE (extended release calcifediol) in Germany, the first launch of RAYALDEE outside the U.S. 
  • In April 2022, Pathalys Pharma, Inc., a private, late-stage biopharma company committed to the development and commercialization of a range of best-in-class therapies for patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), today announced plans for a phase 3 program to support the application of upacicalcet (designated PLS240 for clinical trials), globally. 

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Key Market Trends

  • As medical professionals and clinical specialists have become more aware of the condition, the management plan for SHPT has been improved.The growth of the market for treatments for CKD and ESRD would benefit from the early detection and evaluation of secondary hyperparathyroidism for mineral metabolism. The market is expected to grow more quickly during the projection period because there will be fewer issues with SHPT management.

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market SkyQuest Analysis

SkyQuest’s ABIRAW (Advanced Business Intelligence, Research & Analysis Wing) is our Business Information Services team that Collects, Collates, Co-relates, and Analyses the Data collected using Primary Exploratory Research backed by robust Secondary Desk research.

According to our US secondary hyperparathyroidism treatment (SHPT) market analysis, in distribution channel, hospital & retail pharmacies segment dominated the US secondary hyperparathyroidism treatment market in 2021 and is anticipated to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. In 2021, the south region dominated the market, owing to the region's large number of dialysis facilities and the strategic positioning of top dialysis clinic networks.

Report Metric Details
Market size value in 2019 USD 4.59 billion
Market size value in 2031 USD 9.97 billion
Growth Rate 9%
Base year 2023
Forecast period 2024-2031
Forecast Unit (Value) USD Billion
Segments covered
  • Drug Analysis
    • hospital & retail pharmacies, online channel, and other
Regions covered North America (US, Canada), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe), Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Rest of Asia-Pacific), Latin America (Brazil, Rest of Latin America), Middle East & Africa (South Africa, GCC Countries, Rest of MEA)
Companies covered
  • Amgen Inc.

  • Sanofi S.A.

  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

  • AbbVie Inc.

  • Pfizer Inc.

  • Bayer AG

  • AstraZeneca Plc

  • Eli Lilly and Company

  • Johnson & Johnson

  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

  • Novartis AG

  • GlaxoSmithKline Plc

  • Merck & Co., Inc.

  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

  • Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.

  • Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

  • Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited

  • Astellas Pharma Inc.

  • Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.

  • Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals

Customization scope

Free report customization with purchase. Customization includes:-

  • Segments by type, application, etc
  • Company profile
  • Market dynamics & outlook
  • Region

To get a free trial access to our platform which is a one stop solution for all your data requirements for quicker decision making. This platform allows you to compare markets, competitors who are prominent in the market, and mega trends that are influencing the dynamics in the market. Also, get access to detailed SkyQuest exclusive matrix.

Buy The Complete Report to read the analyzed strategies adopted by the top vendors either to retain or gain market share

Table Of Content

Executive Summary

Market overview

  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market Characteristics
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibit: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

Parent Market Analysis

Market overview

Market size

  • Market Dynamics
    • Exhibit: Impact analysis of DROC, 2021
      • Drivers
      • Opportunities
      • Restraints
      • Challenges
  • SWOT Analysis

KEY MARKET INSIGHTS

  • Technology Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of technology and details)
  • Pricing Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of technology and pricing details)
  • Supply Chain Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Detailed Supply Chain Presentation)
  • Value Chain Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Detailed Value Chain Presentation)
  • Ecosystem Of the Market
    • Exhibit: Parent Market Ecosystem Market Analysis
    • Exhibit: Market Characteristics of Parent Market
  • IP Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of product/technology, patents filed, inventor/company name, acquiring firm)
  • Trade Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Import and Export data details)
  • Startup Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Emerging startups details)
  • Raw Material Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Mapping of key raw materials)
  • Innovation Matrix
    • (Exhibit: Positioning Matrix: Mapping of new and existing technologies)
  • Pipeline product Analysis
    • (Exhibit: Data Table: Name of companies and pipeline products, regional mapping)
  • Macroeconomic Indicators

COVID IMPACT

  • Introduction
  • Impact On Economy—scenario Assessment
    • Exhibit: Data on GDP - Year-over-year growth 2016-2022 (%)
  • Revised Market Size
    • Exhibit: Data Table on US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Impact Of COVID On Key Segments
    • Exhibit: Data Table on Segment Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • COVID Strategies By Company
    • Exhibit: Analysis on key strategies adopted by companies

MARKET DYNAMICS & OUTLOOK

  • Market Dynamics
    • Exhibit: Impact analysis of DROC, 2021
      • Drivers
      • Opportunities
      • Restraints
      • Challenges
  • Regulatory Landscape
    • Exhibit: Data Table on regulation from different region
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Porters Analysis
    • Competitive rivalry
      • Exhibit: Competitive rivalry Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Threat of substitute products
      • Exhibit: Threat of Substitute Products Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Bargaining power of buyers
      • Exhibit: buyers bargaining power Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Threat of new entrants
      • Exhibit: Threat of new entrants Impact of key factors, 2021
    • Bargaining power of suppliers
      • Exhibit: Threat of suppliers bargaining power Impact of key factors, 2021
  • Skyquest special insights on future disruptions
    • Political Impact
    • Economic impact
    • Social Impact
    • Technical Impact
    • Environmental Impact
    • Legal Impact

Market Size by Region

  • Chart on Market share by geography 2021-2027 (%)
  • Data Table on Market share by geography 2021-2027(%)
  • North America
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • USA
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Canada
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Europe
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • Germany
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Spain
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • France
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • UK
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of Europe
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Asia Pacific
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • China
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • India
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Japan
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • South Korea
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Latin America
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • Brazil
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of South America
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
  • Middle East & Africa (MEA)
    • Chart on Market share by country 2021-2027 (%)
    • Data Table on Market share by country 2021-2027(%)
    • GCC Countries
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • South Africa
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)
    • Rest of MEA
      • Exhibit: Chart on Market share 2021-2027 (%)
      • Exhibit: Market size and forecast 2021-2027 ($ million)

KEY COMPANY PROFILES

  • Competitive Landscape
    • Total number of companies covered
      • Exhibit: companies covered in the report, 2021
    • Top companies market positioning
      • Exhibit: company positioning matrix, 2021
    • Top companies market Share
      • Exhibit: Pie chart analysis on company market share, 2021(%)

Methodology

For the US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market, our research methodology involved a mixture of primary and secondary data sources. Key steps involved in the research process are listed below:

1. Information Procurement: This stage involved the procurement of Market data or related information via primary and secondary sources. The various secondary sources used included various company websites, annual reports, trade databases, and paid databases such as Hoover's, Bloomberg Business, Factiva, and Avention. Our team did 45 primary interactions Globally which included several stakeholders such as manufacturers, customers, key opinion leaders, etc. Overall, information procurement was one of the most extensive stages in our research process.

2. Information Analysis: This step involved triangulation of data through bottom-up and top-down approaches to estimate and validate the total size and future estimate of the US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market.

3. Report Formulation: The final step entailed the placement of data points in appropriate Market spaces in an attempt to deduce viable conclusions.

4. Validation & Publishing: Validation is the most important step in the process. Validation & re-validation via an intricately designed process helped us finalize data points to be used for final calculations. The final Market estimates and forecasts were then aligned and sent to our panel of industry experts for validation of data. Once the validation was done the report was sent to our Quality Assurance team to ensure adherence to style guides, consistency & design.

Analyst Support

Customization Options

With the given market data, our dedicated team of analysts can offer you the following customization options are available for the US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market:

Product Analysis: Product matrix, which offers a detailed comparison of the product portfolio of companies.

Regional Analysis: Further analysis of the US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market for additional countries.

Competitive Analysis: Detailed analysis and profiling of additional Market players & comparative analysis of competitive products.

Go to Market Strategy: Find the high-growth channels to invest your marketing efforts and increase your customer base.

Innovation Mapping: Identify racial solutions and innovation, connected to deep ecosystems of innovators, start-ups, academics, and strategic partners.

Category Intelligence: Customized intelligence that is relevant to their supply Markets will enable them to make smarter sourcing decisions and improve their category management.

Public Company Transcript Analysis: To improve the investment performance by generating new alpha and making better-informed decisions.

Social Media Listening: To analyze the conversations and trends happening not just around your brand, but around your industry as a whole, and use those insights to make better Marketing decisions.

$3,500
BUY NOW

REQUEST FOR SAMPLE

Want to customize this report?
REQUEST FREE CUSTOMIZATION

FAQs

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market size was valued at USD 4.59 billion in 2019 and is poised to grow from USD 5 billion in 2023 to USD 9.97 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 9% in the forecast period (2024-2031).

Amgen Inc. holds 40% of the US secondary hyperparathyroidism therapy (SHPT) market thanks to its substantial strategic decisions and robust pharmaceutical portfolio. SHPT is treated with Sensipar (Cinacalcet), a well-liked medication from Amgen. Generic manufacturers have only recently begun to enter the market as a result of numerous treatments' expiration of their patents. Organizations like Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Abbvie, and Sandoz are among the market players. SHPT market expansion is also anticipated to be fueled by expanding generic manufacturer competition during the anticipated time frame. ' Amgen Inc. ', ' Sanofi S.A. ', ' F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd ', ' AbbVie Inc. ', ' Pfizer Inc. ', ' Bayer AG ', ' AstraZeneca Plc ', ' Eli Lilly and Company ', ' Johnson & Johnson ', ' Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ', ' Novartis AG ', ' GlaxoSmithKline Plc ', ' Merck & Co., Inc. ', ' Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ', ' Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. ', ' Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH ', ' Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited ', ' Astellas Pharma Inc. ', ' Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. ', ' Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals '

SHPT development occurs simultaneously with vitamin D deficiency. Over 97% of ESRD patients, according to OPKO Health, Inc., show signs of vitamin D deficiency, which is a key sign that SHPT is developing in the patient. As a result, it is anticipated that the increase in the number of chronic illnesses brought on by sedentary lifestyles will drive the SHPT treatment market in the United States. The secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) treatment market in the United States is also significantly influenced by the government's initiative to develop standards for better treatment management. The control of biochemical indicators of mineral and bone metabolism, which have a strong epidemiologic connection to cardiovascular events and bone fractures, is the goal of SHPT therapy.

As medical professionals and clinical specialists have become more aware of the condition, the management plan for SHPT has been improved.The growth of the market for treatments for CKD and ESRD would benefit from the early detection and evaluation of secondary hyperparathyroidism for mineral metabolism. The market is expected to grow more quickly during the projection period because there will be fewer issues with SHPT management.

Geographically, the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast areas make up the U.S. SHPT therapy market. The South region brought in USD 1.93 billion in revenue and is expected to take the lead in the US market over the next several years. The South region's dominance can be attributed to the existence of a large number of dialysis facilities and the strategic positioning of top dialysis clinic networks like Fresenius Care, DaVita, etc. in the area. Additionally, due to the high incidence of older people with kidney disorders, the southern region of the United States has the highest prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Request Free Customization

Want to customize this report? This report can be personalized according to your needs. Our analysts and industry experts will work directly with you to understand your requirements and provide you with customized data in a short amount of time. We offer $1000 worth of FREE customization at the time of purchase.

logo-images

Feedback From Our Clients

US Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment (SHPT) Market

Report ID: SQMIC35J2108

sales@skyquestt.com
USA +1 351-333-4748

BUY NOW GET FREE SAMPLE