Paving the Path to Sustainability: Transforming India's Waste Management Landscape
From the desk of Kumari Suninda
Waste management policies in India are based totally on the principles of "sustainable improvement", "precaution" and "polluter can pay". These ideas mandate municipalities and industrial institutions to behave in an environmentally accountable and responsible way—restoring balance, if their moves disrupt it. Specific types of waste are the situation remember of separate regulations and require separate compliances, commonly in the nature of authorizations, preservation of statistics and acceptable disposal mechanisms.
Experts accept that India is following a flawed system of waste disposal and management. With rapid urbanization, the country is going through a large waste control mission. Over 377 million city people stay in 7,935 cities and cities and generate 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste in keeping with annum. Only 43 million tonnes (MT) of the waste are accumulated, 11.9 MT is treated, and 31 MT is dumped in landfill sites. Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the primary essential services furnished through municipal authorities in the country to preserve urban centers clean. However, nearly all municipal authorities deposit strong waste at a dump yard in or outside the city haphazardly.
The key to efficient waste control is to ensure right segregation of waste at source and to make sure that the waste is going through specific streams of recycling and resource healing. When reduced, the last residue is then deposited scientifically in sanitary landfills. Sanitary landfills are the remaining approach of disposal for unutilized municipal solid waste from waste processing facilities and different types of inorganic waste that cannot be reused or recycled. The major drawback of this method is the luxurious transportation of MSW too far away landfill websites.
Current State of Solid Waste Management
Cities in the region continue to use a linear waste management system, based on collection, transportation and disposal in landfills. In three states — Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya — up to 90 per cent of garbage is dumped indiscriminately in landfills.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) annual report of Mizoram and Manipur states that around 25 to 35 per cent of the waste generated remains uncollected by municipal authorities by 2020-2021.
However, Mizoram has improved its processing capacity and now processes about 78 per cent of the total production. It reports having six liquid waste processing plants working, but no dry waste treatment facilities.
While most of the north-eastern states had optimal rates of uptake ranging from 80 to 100 per cent, separatist practices were disproportionately addressed in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura to convert a fraction.
Need to Address Landfills
Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 mandates cities to recover their waste by 2026. Consequently, prevention of landfills has become a priority for cities across the country, including those in the Northeast is included.
However, clearing old waste in the mountains is difficult due to the complexity of the ecosystem, soil and climate. From quantification to disposal, heritage waste must be handled with great care and skill.
The cost of disposal of legacy waste fragments in mountainous areas is expected to increase due to several operational and technical challenges because the cost of mining fractions especially the scrap combustible fraction (SCF) is high costs are higher due to cement co-processing facilities, mobile machinery, skilled-labor and other important requirements.
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Major Challenges in Recycling Solar Panels
Low Prices: The output from solar panels has limited economic value, which offsets the cost of recycling efforts. About 60 percent of the total value is contained in just 3 percent of the weight of the solar panels.
High Production Costs: High costs associated with recycling strain the economics of recycling, requiring ways to increase efficiency and reduce costs.
Strategic Waste Separation: The Key to India's Recycling Revolution
India faces major challenges in waste management due to its large population and huge waste generation – around 1.3 billion tons per year, one-third of the total global waste needs India for its recycling infrastructure process is effective, currently recycling only 5% of recycled materials. Solving these problems is critical for a sustainable future and environmental protection.
For India to move forward, long-term waste management needs to be planned and strategies adapted to changing lifestyles. For recycling to be effective, household and institutional waste must be separated at source.
The goal is to reduce the number of landfills, but this requires active community involvement. Increased recycling of e-waste is essential to solve the e-waste disposal problem. India needs to respond to these challenges, as it is not only an Indian problem but a global one that affects everyone.
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